Viacom Merged With ________ in 2000 and Separated Again in 2005.
 Viacom's terminal logo, used from 1990 to 2006 | |
 Viacom's headquarters at One Astor Plaza in New York City | |
| Formerly |
|
|---|---|
| Type | Public |
| Traded as | NYSE: VIA |
| Industry | Dissemination and publishing |
| Founded | March 16, 1952 (1952-03-sixteen) |
| Founder | Ralph Baruch |
| Defunct | Jan 3, 2006 (2006-01-03) |
| Fate | Defunct, split up into the second incarnations of CBS Corporation and Viacom, remerged to form ViacomCBS, so transform to Paramount Global. |
| Successors |
|
| Headquarters | One Astor Plaza, New York City United States |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Parent | CBS (1952–1971) Contained (1971–1986) National Amusements (1986–2006) |
| Divisions | Infinity Broadcasting Corporation Viacom Productions Viacom International CBS Sports Viacom Outdoor |
| Subsidiaries | CBS Paramount Pictures MTV Networks Offset Networks BET Networks Simon & Schuster King World Productions UPN |
The original incarnation of Viacom Inc. [a] (derived from "Video & Audio Communications") was an American media conglomerate based in New York City. It began equally CBS Television Moving picture Sales, the broadcast syndication partition of the CBS television network in 1952; it was renamed CBS Films in 1958, renamed CBS Enterprises in 1968, renamed Viacom in 1970, and spun off into its ain company in 1971. Viacom was a distributor of CBS television receiver series throughout the 1970s and 1980s, and as well distributed syndicated goggle box programs.
In 1999, Viacom acquired the and then-parent company of CBS, the former Westinghouse Electric Corporation, which had been renamed CBS Corporation in 1997. Viacom was split into the second CBS Corporation and Viacom incarnations, and ceased operations in 2006. The spin-off was structured so that CBS Corporation would be the legal successor to the first Viacom, with the 2d Viacom being an entirely separated company. The two companies eventually re-merged on December 4, 2019, leading to the formation of ViacomCBS, renamed Paramount Global on February 16, 2022.
History [edit]
| 1912 | Paramount Pictures is founded |
|---|---|
| 1927 | CBS is founded |
| 1929 | Paramount buys 49% of CBS |
| 1932 | Paramount sells back shares of CBS |
| 1950 | Desilu is founded & CBS distributes its television programs |
| 1952 | CBS creates the CBS Television Moving picture Sales division |
| 1958 | CBS Television Motion picture Sales renamed as CBS Films |
| 1966 | Gulf+Western buys Paramount |
| 1968 | Gulf+Western acquires Desilu and renames it Paramount Television & CBS Films becomes CBS Enterprises |
| 1970 | CBS Enterprises renamed as Viacom |
| 1971 | Viacom is spun off from CBS as a separate company |
| 1985 | Viacom buys full ownership of Showtime & MTV Networks |
| 1986 | National Amusements buys Viacom |
| 1989 | Gulf+Western renamed as Paramount Communications |
| 1994 | Viacom acquires Paramount Communications |
| 1995 | Westinghouse buys CBS |
| 1997 | Westinghouse renamed as CBS Corporation |
| 1999 | Viacom buys CBS Corporation |
| 2001 | Viacom buys BET Networks |
| 2006 | Viacom splits into 2nd CBS Corporation and Viacom |
| 2019 | CBS Corporation and Viacom re-merge to class ViacomCBS |
| 2022 | ViacomCBS changes its proper name to Paramount Global |
The Viacom's origin story gear up on March sixteen, 1952 — when CBS founded its broadcast syndication division, CBS Television receiver Movie Sales.[3] [4] [5] It renamed as CBS Films in Oct 1958.[half dozen] [7] On December 1, 1967, it again renamed equally CBS Enterprises Inc..[viii] [9] On July 6, 1970, it appear that CBS Enterprises would exist spin out from its parent company,[x] and the same month the partition was incorporated as Viacom,[eleven] [12] [13] [14] [xv] and spun off on January 1, 1971,[xvi] amidst new FCC rules forbidding television networks from owning syndication companies (the rules were later repealed).
The original Viacom logo used from 1971 to 1976
In addition to CBS Tv set series syndication rights, Viacom also held cablevision systems with 90,000 cablevision subscribers, at that fourth dimension the largest in the US. In 1976, Viacom started Showtime, a pay flick aqueduct, with Warner-Amex taking a half-share buying. The company went into original programming production starting in the late 1970s until the early on 1980s with middling results.[15]
Cord of acquisitions [edit]
Viacom'south first circulate station acquisition came in 1978 when the company purchased WHNB-Tv set in New Uk, Connecticut, changing its phone call letters to WVIT.[17] Two years later Viacom added the Sonderling Broadcasting concatenation, giving it radio stations in New York City, Washington, D.C., Houston, and San Francisco, and one television station, WAST (at present WNYT) in Albany, New York.[xviii]
Viacom's logo from 1976 to 1989.
In 1983 Viacom purchased KSLA in Shreveport, Louisiana,[xix] [xx] and WHEC-TV in Rochester, New York,[21] in split up transactions. This was followed in 1986 with CBS-owned KMOX-Tv in St. Louis; with the buy, that station's call messages were changed to KMOV.[22] [23]
Also in 1983, Viacom reacquired its premium channel Offset, and later merged it with Warner-Amex's The Movie Channel forming Offset/The Motion-picture show Aqueduct, Inc.
Between the late 1980s and the early 1990s, Viacom syndicated several shows produced past Carsey-Werner Productions, namely The Cosby Show, A Different World and Roseanne.[24]
In 1985, Viacom caused Starting time/The Pic Channel, Inc. from Warner-Amex, ending the articulation venture. Effectually the same time, Viacom bought MTV Networks, which owned MTV, VH-i, and Nickelodeon.[25] This led to Viacom condign a mass media visitor rather than but a distribution company, and completed in 1986.
In 1986, movie house owner National Amusements bought controlling interest in Viacom, which brought Sumner Redstone to the company.
In 1987, Viacom sought to expand its horizons by launching the new Viacom Network Enterprises sectionalisation, which was led past Ronald C. Bernard, in order to develop and exploit properties outside of the core cable business and the company would ride herd on diverse enterprises equally Viacom'due south pay-per-view venture, Viewer'southward Pick, Satellite Straight, Inc. and SMA TV, and handle strategic planning and new business development for Viacom Networks Group, and would develop merchandising, licensing and home video business around the two Viacom subsidiaries it was currently operating, Starting time-The Motion picture Channel, Inc. and MTV Networks.[26]
Redstone retained the Viacom name and made a cord of large acquisitions in the early 1990s, announcing plans to merge with Paramount Communications (formerly Gulf+Western), parent of Paramount Pictures, in 1993, and buying the Blockbuster Video concatenation in 1994. The acquisition of Paramount Communications in July 1994 made Viacom one of the earth's largest entertainment companies.[27] Also in 1993, WTXX entered into a part-time local marketing agreement with Viacom's NBC station WVIT.[28]
The Paramount and Blockbuster acquisitions gave Viacom access to large television holdings: An archive of programming controlled past Aaron Spelling'south company which included, along with his own productions, the pre-1973 ABC and NBC libraries under Worldvision Enterprises and Republic Pictures; and an expanded grouping of idiot box station properties which merged Viacom'southward five existing outlets into Paramount'southward seven-station group. Viacom used some of these stations to launch the UPN network, which started operations in January 1995 equally a joint venture with Chris-Craft Industries. Shortly afterward, Viacom/Paramount spent the side by side two years selling off its non-UPN affiliated stations to diverse owners. In 1997, Viacom exited the circulate radio business, albeit temporarily, when it sold the majority of its stations to Chancellor Media, a predecessor company of iHeartMedia.
In 1999, Viacom made its biggest acquisition to date by announcing plans to merge with its sometime parent CBS Corporation.[29] The merger was completed in April 2000, bringing CBS Cable's channels TNN (now Paramount Network) and State Music Television (CMT) under Viacom'south MTV Networks wing, as well as CBS's production units and TV distributors Eyemark Entertainment (formerly Group West Productions) and Male monarch World under the main wing.[30]
In 2001, Viacom completed its purchase of BET Holdings, the owners of the Black Amusement Goggle box (BET) network.[31] As with CBS Cable, information technology was immediately integrated into MTV Networks, causing some outcry among BET workers in the Washington DC area (where BET was based before the merger). As a result, BET was separated from MTV Networks, into a segmentation known as BET Networks.
Although a bulk economical interest in Viacom was held by independent shareholders, the Redstone family maintained 71-percentage voting control of the company through National Amusements' holdings of Viacom'due south stock.
In 2002, Viacom'south MTV Networks International bought independently run Dutch music video channel TMF, which at the fourth dimension was broadcasting in Belgium and the netherlands. In June 2004, MTVNI bought VIVA Media AG, the German equivalent to MTV. The same month, plans were appear to dispose of Viacom's involvement in Blockbuster later on that year by ways of an commutation offer; the spinoff of Blockbuster was completed in October.
Also in 2002, Viacom acquired the remaining shares of Infinity Broadcasting radio chain, which resulted in Viacom'due south return to operating radio stations afterward it originally exited the broadcast radio business in 1997. In Apr 2003, Viacom acquired the remaining ownership shares of One-act Fundamental from then-AOL Time Warner, integrating Comedy Central into MTV Networks.
Viacom Cable [edit]
From its formation until 1995, Viacom operated several cable idiot box systems by and large located in the Dayton, San Francisco, Nashville and Seattle metropolitan areas.[32] Several of these were originally independent systems that CBS acquired in the 1960s. The partition was known as Viacom Cablevision until the early on 1990s, when it was renamed to Viacom Cablevision. By 1995, Viacom Cable had near 1.1 million subscribers. Viacom sold the division to TCI in 1995.[33] Viacom'south cablevision assets are now part of Comcast.
2005 carve up and re-merger of CBS and Viacom [edit]
In March 2005, the visitor appear plans of looking into splitting into two publicly traded companies under the continuing ownership of National Amusements because of a stagnating stock price. The internal rivalry between Les Moonves and Tom Freston, longtime heads of CBS and MTV Networks respectively, and the controversy of Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime testify, which resulted in MTV existence banned from producing any more Super Bowl halftime shows, were also seen as factors. After the departure of Mel Karmazin in 2004, Redstone, who served as chairman and chief executive officer, decided to split the offices of president and master operating officer between Moonves and Freston. Redstone was set to retire in the near time to come, and a separate would be a creative solution to the matter of replacing him.
The split was approved by Viacom's lath on June 14, 2005, and took effect on January iii, 2006, and effectively reversed the Viacom-CBS merger of 1999. The existing Viacom was renamed CBS Corporation (thus restoring its pre-merger name) and was headed past Moonves. It was intended to include Viacom's slower-growing concern, namely CBS, The CW (a merger of UPN and The WB), CBS Radio (since sold to Entercom on November 17, 2017[34]), Simon & Schuster (to exist sold to Penguin Random House[35] [36]), CBS Outdoor (formerly Viacom Outdoor), Showtime Networks, CBS Television Studios, CBS Television Distribution and CBS Studios International.
In addition, CBS Corporation was given Paramount Parks, which it later sold to entertainment park operator Cedar Fair on June 30, 2006, and the CBS College Sports Network, now known as the CBS Sports Network.
Logo of the spun-off Viacom, introduced on January ane, 2006
Additionally, a spun-off company was created that took the Viacom proper name, which was headed past Freston. Information technology comprised MTV Networks, BET Networks, Paramount Pictures, and Paramount Pictures' home entertainment operations. These businesses were categorized as the loftier-growth businesses. National Amusements connected to be the controlling shareholder of the two companies formed afterwards the split. In September 2006, Redstone fired Freston and named Philippe Dauman equally the caput of Viacom.
Logo of ViacomCBS, introduced on December 4, 2019
On August thirteen, 2019, CBS and Viacom officially announced their re-merger deal; the combined company would exist called ViacomCBS, with Bob Bakish as president and CEO and Shari Redstone as the chairwoman of the new company.[37] [38] [39] On Dec 4, 2019, the bargain was completed.[40]
On February 16, 2022, ViacomCBS announced its legal proper noun would exist inverse to Paramount Global, and simply known as Paramount.
Former Viacom-owned stations [edit]
Stations are arranged alphabetically past state and community of license.
Radio stations [edit]
Notes:
- Two boldface asterisks appearing post-obit a station's call letters (**) indicate a station that was purchased from Sonderling Broadcasting in 1980, which initiated Viacom'south entry into radio station ownership (WAST television in Albany was likewise purchased through the Sonderling deal);
- This list does not include stations owned past CBS Radio and its predecessors, Westinghouse Broadcasting and Infinity Broadcasting which were acquired by Viacom through its merger with CBS in 2000.
| City of License/Market | Station | Years owned | Current ownership status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles | KJOI/KXEZ/KYSR–98.7 | 1990–1997 | endemic by iHeartMedia |
| KQLZ/KXEZ/KIBB–100.iii | 1993–1997 | KKLQ, owned by Educational Media Foundation | |
| San Francisco Bay Expanse | KDIA–1310 ** | 1980–1993 | KMKY, owned by Akai Broadcasting Corporation |
| KDBK/KSRY-FM–98.ix | 1990–1994 | KSOL, owned by Univision Radio | |
| KDBQ/KYLZ/KSRI–99.1 | 1990–1994 | KSQL, owned by Univision Radio | |
| Denver | KHOW–630 | 1990–1993 | endemic past iHeartMedia |
| KHOW-FM/KSYY–95.7 | 1990–1993 | KPTT, owned past iHeartMedia | |
| Washington, D.C. - Northern Virginia | WMZQ/WZHF–1390 | 1984–1997 | owned past Multicultural Broadcasting |
| WCPT–730 | 1993–1997 | WTNT, owned past Metro Radio | |
| WMZQ-FM–98.vii ** | 1980–1997 | owned by iHeartMedia | |
| WCXR-FM–105.nine | 1993–1997 | WMAL-FM, owned by Cumulus Media | |
| Chicago | WLAK/WLIT-FM–93.9 | 1982–1997 | owned past iHeartMedia |
| Detroit | WLTI/WDRQ–93.1 | 1988–1997 | owned past Cumulus Media |
| New York City | WWRL–1600 ** | 1980–1982 | endemic by iHeartMedia |
| WKHK/WLTW–106.vii ** | 1980–1997 | owned by iHeartMedia | |
| WAXQ–104.3 | 1996–1997 | owned past iHeartMedia | |
| Memphis | WDIA–1070 ** | 1980–1983 | owned past iHeartMedia |
| WRVR–680 | 1985–1988 | WMFS, owned by Audacy, Inc. | |
| WRVR-FM–104.5 | 1981–1988 | owned by Audacy, Inc. | |
| Houston | KIKK–650 ** | 1980–1993 | endemic by Audacy, Inc. |
| KIKK-FM–95.vii ** | 1980–1993 | KKHH, endemic by Audacy, Inc. | |
| Seattle – Tacoma | KBSG–1210 | 1989–1996 | KMIA, owned by Bustos Media Holdings, LLC |
| KBSG-FM–97.3 | 1987–1996 | KIRO-FM, endemic past Bonneville International | |
| KNDD–107.7 | 1993–1996 | owned past Audacy, Inc. |
Television stations [edit]
- This list does not include other stations endemic by Paramount Stations Grouping which were acquired by Viacom through its acquisition of Paramount Pictures in 1994, nor whatever other station purchased by Viacom/Paramount following the Paramount acquisition and prior to its merger with CBS in 2000.
| City of license / market | Station | Aqueduct Television receiver (RF) | Years endemic | Current buying status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Britain – Hartford – New Oasis | WVIT | 30 (35) | 1978–1997 | NBC endemic-and-operated (O&O) |
| WTXX 1 | xx (33) | 1993-1997 | The CW affiliate, WCCT, owned past Tegna Inc. | |
| Shreveport – Texarkana | KSLA-TV | 12 (17) | 1983–1995 | CBS affiliate owned by Gray Tv set |
| St. Louis | KMOV | 4 (24) | 1986–1997 | CBS affiliate owned by Greyness Television |
| Albany – Schenectady – Troy | WAST/WNYT | 13 (12) | 1980–1996 | NBC chapter owned past Hubbard Broadcasting |
| Rochester, New York | WHEC-TV | 10 (10) | 1983–1996 | NBC chapter owned by Hubbard Broadcasting |
- 1 WTXX was owned by Counterpoint Communications, but Viacom operated the station through a part-time local marketing agreement.
Notes [edit]
- ^ The pronunciation VEE-ə-kom was used by inaugural chairman Ralph Baruch.[one] The pronunciation VY-ə-kom was favored past Sumner Redstone and included in its audible identification marks following its buy by National Amusements in 1986.[2]
^ Viacom was initially founded in 1971 but was reincorporated in 1986. Effective January 1, 2006, this corporate entity changed its name to CBS Corporation. The present business firm known as Viacom was likewise established at that engagement and is a new spin-off company created during the CBS-Viacom carve up.
References [edit]
- ^ The Communicators (video). C-Span. November ii, 2007.
- ^ Hagey, Keach (2018). The Male monarch of Content: Sumner Redstone'due south Boxing for Viacom, CBS, and Everlasting Control of His Media Empire. New York: HarperBusiness. p. 131. ISBN9780062654090.
In the beginning, Sumner's Viacom—which he had renamed VIE-uh-com during the first board coming together, in a nod to his fighting spirit […]
- ^ "Broadcasting Magazine, January 14, 1952 (page 94)" (PDF).
- ^ "Broadcasting Magazine, March 17, 1952 (page 88)" (PDF).
- ^ "Broadcasting Magazine, June 23, 1952 (page 80)" (PDF).
- ^ "Broadcasting Magazine, September 22, 1958 (pages 31-33)" (PDF).
- ^ "Broadcasting Mag, October 13, 1958 (page 49)" (PDF).
- ^ "Proper noun change at CBS" (PDF). Dec four, 1967.
- ^ "Broadcasting Magazine, Jan 29, 1968 (page 8)" (PDF).
- ^ "Dissemination Mag, July 6, 1970 (page 19)" (PDF).
- ^ CBS transfers CATV to new public firm (page 50) at Broadcasting History
- ^ Viacom goes on big board at Broadcasting History
- ^ NYSE now trading Viacom shares at Broadcasting History
- ^ CBS Enterprises will sell time for Yankees at Broadcasting History
- ^ a b "History of Viacom Inc.". International Directory of Company Histories. St. James Press. 2005. Retrieved 16 Baronial 2018 – via FundingUniverse.
- ^ Sudden halt to Viacom spin-off at Broadcasting History
- ^ "Viacom gets into station ownership" (PDF). Broadcasting. June xx, 1977. p. 28. Retrieved December thirty, 2018.
- ^ "Viacom, Sonderling propose marriage." Dissemination, March 20, 1978, pp. 33-34. Accessed Jan 8, 2019. [1][2]
- ^ "In brief" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 17, 1983. p. 144. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- ^ "Irresolute hands–Proposed" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 24, 1983. p. 74. Retrieved Jan fifteen, 2019.
- ^ "Irresolute hands–Proposed" (PDF). Broadcasting. July 25, 1983. p. 86. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- ^ "In cursory" (PDF). Broadcasting. December ix, 1985. p. 120. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- ^ "Call letters–Grants–Existing TV's" (PDF). Broadcasting. June xxx, 1986. p. 64. Retrieved January fifteen, 2019.
- ^ "Cosby in syndication: cash plus barter" (PDF). Broadcasting. 1986-10-twenty. p. 29. Retrieved 2022-01-06 .
- ^ Fabrikant, Geraldine (1986-09-17). "VIACOM CHIEF LEADS Group'S BUYOUT BID (Published 1986)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-01-23 .
In November 1985, Viacom caused MTV for $326 million in cash and warrants. I-3rd of MTV was publicly endemic; the rest was owned by Warner Communications and the American Express Company. At the same time, Viacom bought the 50 percent of Showtime, the pay television service, that it did not already ain for $184 million.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link) - ^ "Viacom Establishes Enterprise Division". Diversity. 1987-02-11. pp. 49, lxx.
- ^ "75 Power Players: The Outsiders". Next Generation. No. xi. Imagine Media. November 1995. p. 61.
Viacom completed acquisition of Paramount Communications in July 1994, creating one of the world'due south largest entertainment companies.
- ^ Lender, Jon (1993-06-11). "WVIT Leases Time on WTXX as WTIC Protests". Hartford Courant . Retrieved 2021-10-27 .
- ^ Sims, David (2019-08-19). "Why Viacom and CBS Had to Merge to Survive". The Atlantic . Retrieved 2019-12-xviii .
- ^ "CBS And Viacom Complete Merger". CBS News . Retrieved 2019-12-18 .
- ^ "Viacom Completes BET Conquering". Los Angeles Times. Reuters. 2001-01-24. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-08-14 .
- ^ Taylor, Chuck (29 Dec 1994). "Viacom Expected To Sell Cablevision Franchises – TCI Group Would Gain one.1 Million Subscribers". The Seattle Times.
- ^ Taylor, Chuck (22 Jan 1995). "Cablevision Execs To Visit Viacom Sites In Seattle Surface area – Intermedia Partners Optimistic Every bit They Face Regulatory Hurdles, Taxation Scrutiny By Congress". The Seattle Times.
- ^ "Entercom Sets Fri Morning Shut For CBS Radio Merger". Insideradio.com . Retrieved 2017-11-17 .
- ^ "ViacomCBS sells Simon & Schuster to Penguin Random House for $2 billion". 25 November 2020.
- ^ Lauer, Douglas Busvine, Klaus (2020-11-25). "Bertelsmann buys Simon & Schuster for $2.2 billion in U.S. publishing play". Reuters . Retrieved 2020-11-25 .
- ^ Gasparino, Charles; Moynihan, Lydia (August 13, 2019). "CBS, Viacom concord to merge, forming a $28B entertainment firm". Fox Business . Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- ^ Szalai, George; Bond, Paul; Vlessing, Etan (August 13, 2019). "CBS, Viacom Strike Deal to Recombine". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
- ^ "CBS and Viacom To Combine" (PDF). CBS. August 12, 2019.
- ^ "Viacom and CBS Corp. are officially back together again". CBS News. Dec 4, 2019.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viacom_%281952%E2%80%932006%29
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